Efficacy of three insecticides on rat flea [Xenopsylla cheopis] infesting rodents in Giza Governorate, Egypt

The extensive use of insecticides in public health and agriculture sectors is the main reason for development of resistance in fleas associated in domestic rodents. The present work was planned to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of Lambda-cyhalothrin, Chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion against rat flea [Xenopsylla cheopis] infesting rodent species in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The lethal concentration LC[50] and Lc[90] of population percent were obtained from the established regression log concentrate-response lines. Data indicated that the values of lethal concentration [LC[50]] were 0.293, 1.725 and 2.328% for Lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion, respectively. The values of lethal concentration [Lc[90]] were 0.467, 2.839 and 5.197% for Lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion, respectively

survey on dipterous flies and their densities in Alexandaria and hurgada, Egypt

The present study was performed from January to December 2009 to identify the dipterous flies associated with human and animal diseases in Alexandaria and Hurgada. The results indicated that 10233 flies belonging to 10 families, 18 genera and 21 species were trapped from Alexandarja and 41669 flies belonging to 9 families, 14 genera and 16 species were trapped from Hurgada. M. domestica L. and Coproica vagans [Haliday] were the most abundant species in the two studied areas. Statistical analysis showed that species of the two families Muscidae and Sphaerocerjdae were significantly higher in Hurgada than Alexandarja due to the spread of garbage, fermented fruits and human and animal excreta

Rodent borne diseases and their fleas in menoufia governorate, Egypt

A preliminary survey of domestic rodent borne diseases and their fleas was carried out in ten centers of Menofiya [Quesna, Shebeen El-Kom, Berka El-Saabe, El-Bagour, El-Shohada, Tala, Menoff, Searth El-Lian, Ashmon and El-Sadat] Governorate, Egypt. Rodent index [number of rodent / trap] and percentage frequency of different rodent species were recorded in spring [2009]. The main species was Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, the grey-bellied rat, R. rattus alexandrinus, the white- bellied rat, R. rattus frugivorus and the house mouse, Mus musculus. Searth El-Lian center showed the highest existing rodent- index, while Quesna center showed the lowest existing rodent-index. The Norway rat, R. norvegicus showed higher frequency at Shebeen El-Kom, Berka El-Saabe, El-Baguur, Searth El-Lian and El-Sadat. R. rattus alexandrinus showed higher frequency at Tala center, while Rattus rattus frugivorus showed higher frequency at El-Shohada, Menoff and Ashmon. M. masculus showed the lower frequency at all centers. The common flea species attacking rodents at all centers were: the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, the mouse flea, Lyptopsylla segnis and the dog flea, Ctenocephalides canis. The flea index [number of flea/rodent] at Searth El-Lian was the highest, while Shebeen El- Kom showed the lowest index. The oriental rat flea, X. cheopis was the highest frequency distribution for all domestic rodent species studied while, the dog flea, C.s Canis was the lowest. The adult rodents showed the higher frequency with fleas than juveniles

Infestation rate of tick, mite and lice among rodent species in Menoufia governorate, Egypt

A preliminary survey of domestic rodent species and their ectoparasites tick, mite and lice was carried out in ten centers of Menoufia [Quesna, Shebeen El-Kom, Berka El-Saabe, El-Bagour, El-Shohada, Tala, Menoff, Searth El-Lian, Ashmon and El-Sadat] Governorate. Frequency of rodent species and ectoparasites indices [tick, mite and lice] were recorded in spring [2009]. The main species of rodent was Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus the grey-bellied rat, Rattus rattus alexandrinus the white-bellied rat, Rattus rattus frugivorus and the house mouse, Mus musculus. The common tick species attacking rodents were: Rhipicephalus sp. and Hyalomma sp. The common mite species attacking rodents were: Dermanyssus sangineus, Orithonysus bacoti, Haemolaelaps glasgowi, Laelaps nutalli, Radfordia sp. and Myobia sp. The only common lice species was Polyplax spinulosa. The fur mites Radfordia sp. and Myobia sp. were recorded at Quesna, Searth El-Lian and El-Sadat centers on R. norvegicus for the first time at Menoufia Governorate

Seasonal variation of infestation rate with lice, tick and mite among rodents in certain Egyptian regions

Four species of mites [Ornithonyssus bacoti, Haemolaelaps glusgowi, Echinolaelaps echinolelaps and Dermanyssus gallinae], two species of ticks [Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hyalomma dromedarrii] and one species of lice [Polyplax spinulose] were identified on rodents during 4 successive seasons [2005] trapped in five governorates [Suez, Menoufia, Giza, Damietta and Beni-Sewaf]. The rodents were Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus alexandrinus, Rattus rattus frugivourus, Acomys cahirinus and Mus musculus Rodents in Suez were the highly ecto-parasites infested ones

Studies on mosquito borne dieases in Egypt and Qatar

Mosquitoes identification, distribution and densities in representative Egyptian Governorates and five Qatarain Municipalities [Al Rayyan, Doha, Al Daayan, Al Khor and Al Zahakira and Al Shamal] were studied. In Qatar the larvae were Culex pipiens complex, C. univettatus, C. pusillus, Aedes caspies, Anopheles multicolor and A. stephensi. C. pipiens and C. univettatus were mainly in Al Rayyan, Doha, and Al Khor and Al Zahakira. C. pusillus was in Doha and Al Daayan while A. caspies was in Al Daayan and Al Shamal. Anopheles multicolor and A. stephensi were mainly in Al Shamal with low density in Al Rayyan [only in Ain- Khalid locution]. The Egyptian mosquitoes were C. pipiens, C. antennatus, C. thelerei, C. univittatus, C. perexiguus, C. poicilipes, C. pusillus, Aedes caspius, Ae. detritus, A. sergentii, A. pharoensis, A. multicolor, A. detail, A. algeriensis, A. tene-brosus, A. gambiae [formerly], A. superpictus, A. tarkhadi, A. hispaniola, A. rhodesiensis, A. stephensi, A. coustani and Culiseta longiareolata. As an example in Sharkia Governorate, larvae were C. pipiens [68.77%], Ae. caspius [15.75%], Culiseta sp. [=Theobaldia] and C. pusillus. In Greater Cairo, parts of Qualyoubia G., C. pipiens was the most dominant and the least was C. perexiguus. In parts of Giza G., C. pipiens was the most dominant and least was Cs. longiareolata. In Cairo G., C. pipiens was the most dominant and least was Ae. caspius. The overall in Greater Cairo was C. pipiens [61.74%], Cs. longiareolata [15.56%], Ae. caspius [15.3%], C. pusillus [4.0%] and C. perexiguus [3.16%]

Prevalence of dipterous flies associated with human and animal diseases in Matruh and South Sinai governorates, Egypt

The present study identified the dipterous flies associated with human and animal diseases in Matruh and South Sinai Governorates. The results indicated that 49817 belonging to 13 families, 24 genera and 33 species were trapped from Matruh Governorate and 3708 flies belonging to 9 families, 13 genera and 16 species were trapped from South Sinai Governorate from January to December 2009. M. domestica was the most abundant in both Governorates. Statistical analysis showed that species of all families were significantly higher in Matruh Governorate than South Sinai Governorate due to spread of garbage, fermented fruits and human and animal excreta

Efficacy of Zingiber officinale on third stage larvae and adult fecundity of Musca domestica and Anopheles pharoensis

The insecticidal activity of Zingiber officinale against the larval maturation and adult emergency of Anopheles pharoensis and Musca domestica 3rd stage was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. At A. pharoensis concentrations of 100%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.7%, 0.5% and 0.3% showed 100% larval mortality rate. 0.2% and 0.1% caused mortality of 66.7% respectively. On the other hand, the fecundity of emerged adults was zero% and 50%. In M. domestica the concentrations from 25%- 100% completely killed the larvae. 5%, 2% and 1% caused mortality percent of 66.6, 44.4 and 33.3 respectively. Less concentration of Z officinale was not tried. The fecundity of the emerged adults was 66.7%, 25% and 16.7%. On the other hand, only one control larvae died and the nine emerged adults were fertile in the two cases. So, Z. officinale not only has a larvicidal action against M. domestica and A. pharoensis larvae but also affected the adult fecundity

Efficacy of Cinnamomum zeylanicum on third stage larvae and adult fecundity of Musca domestica and Anopheles pharoensis

The insecticidal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum against the larval maturation and adult emergency of Anopheles pharoensis and Musca domestica 3[rd] stage was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. A. pharoensis with concentrations [conc.] of 100%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.7% and 0.5% showed 100% larval mortality. Conc, of 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.1% caused mortality of 77.8%, 44.4% and 33.3% respectively. The fecundity of emerged adults was 0%, 60% and 50%. In M. domestica the cone, from 50%-100% completely killed the larvae. Conc, of 25%, 5%, 2% and 1% caused mortality of 88.9%, 55.6%, 33.3% and 22.2% respectively. Less conc, of C. zeylanicum was not tested. The fecundity of the emerged adults was 0%, 66.7%, 66.7% and 83.3%. Only one control larva died and the nine emerged adults were fertile in the two cases

Efficacy of trigonella foenum-graecum [fenugreek] on third stage larvae and adult fecundity of musca domestica

The insecticidal efficacy of Trigonella foenum-graecum [fenugreek] on the 3rd stage larvae of Musca domestica and adult fecundity was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. The concentrations from 25% to 100% completely killed the larvae. 5%, 2% and 1% caused mortality percent of 44.4, 33.3 and 22.2 respectively. Less concentration of fenugreek was not tried. On the other hand, the fecundity of the emerged adults was 20%, Zero% and 28.6%, On the other hand, only one control larva died and the nine emerged adults were fertile. So, fenugreek at low concentration not only has a larvicidal action against house fly larvae but also affected the adult fecundity

Efficacy of Trigonella foenum-graecum on third stage larvae and adult fecundity of Anopheles pharoensis

The insecticidal activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum [fenugreek] against the larval maturation and adult emergency of An. pharoensis 3 rd stage was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Concentrations of 100%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.7%, 0.5% and 0.3% showed 100% larval mortality rate. 0.2% and 0.1% caused mortality of 88.9% and 66.7% respectively. On the other hand, the fecundity of emerged adults was zero% and 33.3%. However, one control larvae died and the nine emerged adults were fertile. So, it was recommended to be use in controlling larvae of An. pharoensis

insecticidal activity of eucalyptus globulus oil on the development of musca domestica third stage larvae

The insecticidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus oil [Camphor oil] against the larval maturation and adult emergency of the house-fly, Musca domestica 3rd stage was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Concentrations of 100%, 70%, 50% 25%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.9% and 0.7% showed 100% larval mortality rate. At concentrations of 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.1% the larval mortality rate was 90%. On the other hand, the developed pupae did not emerge to adults. Eucalyptus glohulus oil is safe, cheap and widely used in Medicine. So, it is recommended to be use in controlling larvae of M. domestica

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the volatile oils of leaves and flowers of lantana camara L. cultivated in Egypt

GC and GC/MS analysis of the hydrodistilled volatile oils of the leaves and flowers of Lantana camara L. cv. flava [Verbenaceae] cultivated in Egypt revealed both qualitative and quantitative variations. Experimentally, twenty-nine and twenty-two components were identified in the volatile oils of leaves and flowers representing 91.91% and 95.24% of the total composition of both oils respectively. The major constituents of the leaves volatile oil were caryophyllene < E- > [9.76%], cineol < 1.6- > [9.37%] and pinene < Beta- > [8.15%]. The flowers volatile oils were caryophyllene < E- > [18.20%], humulene < Alpha- > [12.22%] and bicyclegermacrene [10.33%]. Comparing the chemical composition of the volatile oils of the leaves and flowers of L. camara cv., flava from different origins, seasons and even experimental conditions revealed that there are significant qualitative and quantitative variations. The larvicidal effect of the volatile oils of L. camara cv., flava leaves and flowers of was tested against the maturation of Musca domestica L. larvae in the laboratory at concentrations [0.0125%, 0.025%. 0.05%. 0.1% and 0.2%]. They showed mortality rate ranged from 80%-100%. On the other hand, 10-20% of the developed pupae emerged to adults. Adults' fecundity was in larvae given a concentration of 0.0125%. In conclusion, the volatile oils of the leaves and flowers of L. camara cv., flava can be safely recommended in controlling M. domestica 3rd stage larvae

influence of temperature and feedings on development, adult longevity and larviposition of parasarcophaga Hirtipes Wiedemann [diptera: sarcophagidae]

In this study, a number of sarcophagid flies was collected from the area of Dokki, Giza and kept in laboratory under normal weather conditions. Adult development, longevity and reproduction of Parasarcophaga hirtipes were studied in relation to variations of temperature and relative humidity during the period from January to May 2002. The mean longevity of adults of both sexes decreased with the increase of temperature and the decrease of relative humidity. The mean larval duration periods were also significantly decreased with the increased temperature, but the mean pupae duration for both sexes did not change significantly during the experiment. The total development time from larvae to adults of both sexes decreased with the increase of temperature. The mean longevity of adults female and male was affected by the presence of both sexes together every day rather than their presence together for only three-day period to allow for one mating to occur. The effects of meat, liver and fish as food constituents on the developmental period, longevity and larviposition of the fly were investigated under a variation of relative humidity and temperature. The mean longevity of adult of both sexes was increased on feeding on meat. The change was not affected when fed on liver and fish. The mean development period of larvae and pupae and the total development period of both sexes did not significantly increase with liver feeding

Prevalence of dipterous flies associates with human and animal diseases in Al - Obour and 6th October wholesale markets, Egypt

A survey was done to identify the dipterous flies associated with human and animal diseases in the two wholesale markets of Al-Obour and 6th of October. The results indicated that 20824 flies belonging to 9 families, 24 genera and 31 species were trapped. Musca domestics were the most abundant species in the two markets. The statistical analysis showed that species of the families Calliphoridae, Milichiidae, Muscidae, Piophilidae, Otitidae, Sarcophagidae and Sphaeroceridae were significantly higher in Al-Obour than 6th of October markets, due to the spread of garbage and decaying fish